I-asynchronous enamanqanaba amathathuimotoluhlobo lwemoto yokungenisa amandla eqhutywa ngokudibanisa ngaxeshanye i-AC yamandla amathathu e-380V (umahluko wesigaba se-120 degrees). Ngenxa yokuba i-rotor kunye ne-stator ezijikelezayo intsimi yemagnethi yemoto ye-asynchronous yamanqanaba amathathu zijikeleza kwicala elifanayo nangesantya esahlukileyo, kukho isantya sokutyibilika, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yimoto ye-asynchronous yamanqanaba amathathu.
Isantya serotor yemoto enezigaba ezintathu ezingasebenziyo siphantsi kunesantya sentsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo. Ukujija kwerotor kuvelisa amandla e-electromotive kunye nomsinga ngenxa yentshukumo ehambelanayo nentsimi yemagnethi, kwaye kusebenzisana nentsimi yemagnethi ukuvelisa i-torque ye-electromagnetic, nto leyo efezekisa utshintsho lwamandla.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-single-phase asynchronousiimoto, izigaba ezintathu ezingangqamanangaiimotozisebenza ngcono kwaye zinokonga izinto ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ze-rotor, ii-motor ze-asynchronous zesigaba esithathu zinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo lwekheji kunye nohlobo lwenxeba
Imoto engangqamaniyo ene-cage rotor inesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, ubunzima obuphantsi, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, nto leyo esetyenziswa kakhulu. Ingxaki yayo ephambili bubunzima bokulawula isantya.
I-rotor kunye ne-stator yemoto ene-asynchronous yesigaba sesithathu esinamanxeba ikwaxhotyiswe ngee-windings zesigaba sesithathu kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwi-rheostat yangaphandle ngee-slip rings, iibrashi. Ukulungisa ukumelana kwe-rheostat kunokuphucula ukusebenza kokuqala kwemoto kunye nokulungisa isantya semoto.
Umgaqo wokusebenza wemoto engenazintlu ezintathu
Xa kusetyenziswa umsinga ojikelezayo wesigaba sesithathu olinganayo kwi-stator winding yesigaba sesithathu, kuveliswa i-magnetic field ejikelezayo ejikeleza ngokwewotshi kwindawo engaphakathi yesangqa se-stator kunye ne-rotor ngesantya esilinganayo se-n1.
Ekubeni intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo ijikeleza ngesantya se-n1, umqhubi werotor akahlali emile ekuqaleni, ngoko ke umqhubi werotor uya kuyinqumla intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo ye-stator ukuze avelise amandla e-electromotive ashukunyisiweyo (ulwalathiso lwamandla e-electromotive ashukunyisiweyo lumiselwa ngumthetho wesandla sasekunene).
Ngenxa yokujikeleza okufutshane komqhubi werotor kuzo zombini iziphelo ngeringi yesekethe emfutshane, phantsi kwesenzo samandla e-electromotive akhutshiweyo, umqhubi werotor uya kuvelisa umsinga okhutshiweyo okwicala elifanayo nelamandla e-electromotive akhutshiweyo. Umqhubi othwala umsinga werotor uphantsi kwamandla e-electromagnetic kwi-stator magnetic field (ulwalathiso lwamandla lumiselwa kusetyenziswa umthetho wesandla sasekhohlo). Amandla e-electromagnetic avelisa i-torque ye-electromagnetic kwi-rotor shaft, eqhuba i-rotor ukuba ijikeleze kwicala le-magnetic field ejikelezayo.
Ngolu hlalutyo lungentla, kunokugqitywa kwelokuba umgaqo wokusebenza wemoto yombane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa ii-stator windings ze-motor ezinezigaba ezintathu (nganye inomahluko we-engile yombane we-120 degrees) zinikwa i-three-phase symmetrical alternating current, kwenziwa i-magnetic field ejikelezayo, enqumla i-rotor winding kwaye ivelise i-induced current kwi-rotor winding (i-rotor winding yi-closed circuit). I-current carrying rotor conductor iya kuvelisa amandla e-electromagnetic phantsi kwesenzo se-stator rotating magnetic field, Ke ngoko, i-electromagnetic torque yenziwa kwi-motor shaft, iqhuba i-motor ukuba ijikeleze kwicala elifanayo ne-rotary magnetic field.
Umzobo wocingo lwemoto engenazintlu ezintathu
Ucingo olusisiseko lweemoto ezi-asynchronous zesigaba esithathu:
Iintambo ezintandathu ezivela ekujijelweni kwemoto enezigaba ezintathu ezingafaniyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko zokudibanisa: uqhagamshelo lwe-delta delta kunye noqhagamshelo lweenkwenkwezi.
Iingcingo ezintandathu=ii-motor windings ezintathu=iziphelo zentloko ezintathu+iziphelo zemsila ezintathu, kunye ne-multimeter elinganisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwentloko kunye neziphelo zemsila ze-winding efanayo, oko kukuthi, i-U1-U2, i-V1-V2, i-W1-W2.
1. Indlela yokudibanisa i-Triangle delta yeemoto ezingasebenziyo ezinezigaba ezintathu
Indlela yokudibanisa i-triangle delta kukudibanisa iintloko kunye nemisila yee-windings ezintathu ngokulandelelana ukuze kwenziwe unxantathu, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso:
2. Indlela yokudibanisa iinkwenkwezi kwiimoto ezingasebenziyo ezinezigaba ezintathu
Indlela yokudibanisa inkwenkwezi kukudibanisa umsila okanye iziphelo zentloko zee-windings ezintathu, kwaye ezinye iingcingo ezintathu zisetyenziswa njengonxibelelwano lwamandla. Indlela yokudibanisa njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso:
Inkcazo yoMzobo woNxibelelwano lweeNtambo zeMoto eziNqanaba eziThathu eziNqanaba eliNqanaba kwiMifanekiso nakwiMibhalo
Ibhokisi yokudibanisa iimoto ezinamanqanaba amathathu
Xa i-motor ye-asynchronous enamanqanaba amathathu iqhagamshelwe, indlela yoqhagamshelo lwesixhobo soqhagamshelo kwibhokisi yokudibanisa yile ilandelayo:
Xa i-motor ye-asynchronous enamanqanaba amathathu iqhagamshelwe ekhoneni, indlela yoqhagamshelo lwesixhobo soqhagamshelo lwebhokisi yokudibanisa yile ilandelayo:
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zoqhagamshelo lweemoto ezi-asynchronous zesigaba sesithathu: uqhagamshelo lweenkwenkwezi kunye noqhagamshelo lwenxantathu.
Indlela yonxantathu
Kwii-winding coils ezine-voltage efanayo kunye nobubanzi bentambo, indlela yoqhagamshelo lweenkwenkwezi inokujikeleza okuphindwe kathathu ngesigaba ngasinye (izihlandlo ezili-1.732) kunye namandla angaphantsi kathathu kunendlela yoqhagamshelo lwenxantathu. Indlela yoqhagamshelo lwemoto egqityiweyo ilungisiwe ukuze imelane ne-voltage ye-380V kwaye ngokubanzi ayifanelekanga ukuguqulwa.
Indlela yoqhagamshelo inokutshintshwa kuphela xa inqanaba le-voltage yesigaba sesithathu lahlukile kwi-380V eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, xa inqanaba le-voltage yesigaba sesithathu liyi-220V, ukutshintsha indlela yoqhagamshelo lweenkwenkwezi ye-voltage yesigaba sesithathu yokuqala eyi-380V ukuya kwindlela yoqhagamshelo lwenxantathu kunokusetyenziswa; Xa inqanaba le-voltage yesigaba sesithathu liyi-660V, indlela yoqhagamshelo lwe-delta ye-voltage yesigaba sesithathu yokuqala eyi-380V inokutshintshwa ibe yindlela yoqhagamshelo lweenkwenkwezi, kwaye amandla ayo ahlala engatshintshi. Ngokubanzi, iimoto ezinamandla aphantsi ziqhagamshelene neenkwenkwezi, ngelixa iimoto ezinamandla aphezulu ziqhagamshelene ne-delta.
Xa i-voltage ilinganisiwe, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-motor eqhagamshelwe kwi-delta. Ukuba itshintshelwe kwi-motor eqhagamshelwe kwi-star, imele ukusebenza kwe-voltage enciphileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kwamandla e-motor kunye nomsinga wokuqalisa. Xa uqalisa i-motor enamandla aphezulu (indlela yoqhagamshelo lwe-delta), umsinga uphezulu kakhulu. Ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yomsinga wokuqalisa kumgca, ukuqalisa ngokunyuka kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Enye indlela kukutshintsha indlela yoqhagamshelo lwe-delta yokuqala ibe yindlela yoqhagamshelo lweenkwenkwezi xa iqalwa. Emva kokuba indlela yoqhagamshelo lweenkwenkwezi iqalisiwe, iguqulwa ibuyele kwindlela yoqhagamshelo lwe-delta xa isetyenziswa.
Umzobo wocingo lwemoto engenazintlu ezintathu
Umzobo womzimba wemigca yokudlulisela phambili neyangasemva yeemoto ezi-asynchronous zesigaba esithathu:
Ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oluya phambili nolubuyela umva lwemoto, naziphi na izigaba ezibini zombane wayo zinokulungiswa ngokuhambelanayo (sikubiza ngokuba yi-commutation). Ngokwesiqhelo, isigaba se-V asitshintshi, kwaye isigaba se-U kunye nesigaba se-W zilungiswa ngokuhambelanayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ulandelelwano lwesigaba semoto lunokutshintshiselwana ngokuthembekileyo xa ii-contactors ezimbini zisebenza, iingcingo kufuneka zihambelane kwizibuko eliphezulu lonxibelelwano, kwaye isigaba kufuneka silungiswe kwizibuko elisezantsi le-contactor. Ngenxa yokutshintshana kwezigaba ezibini, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-coils ezimbini ze-KM azinakusebenza ngaxeshanye, kungenjalo iimpazamo ezinkulu zesigaba ukuya kwisigaba zinokwenzeka. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukunxibelelana.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, kusetyenziswa isekethe yokulawula edibanisa kabini phambili nangasemva eneqhosha elidibanisayo (elikamekhaniki) kunye neqhosha elidibanisayo (electric); Ngokusebenzisa iqhosha elidibanisayo, nokuba amaqhosha angaphambili nangasemva acinezelwe ngaxeshanye, iikhontaktha ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa uhlengahlengiso lwesigaba azinakusebenza ngaxeshanye, ziphepha iisekethe ezimfutshane zesigaba ukuya kwesigaba.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuxinana kwee-contactors ezisetyenzisiweyo, lo gama nje enye yee-contactors ivuliwe, i-contact yayo ende evaliweyo ayizukuvala. Ngale ndlela, ekusebenziseni i-mechanical kunye ne-electrical dual interlocking, inkqubo yokubonelela ngombane yemoto ayinakuba nee-phase to phase short circuits, ikhusela ngempumelelo i-motor kwaye iphephe iingozi ezibangelwa zii-phase to phase short circuits ngexesha le-phase modulation, enokuthi itshise i-contactor.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-07-2023
