Ubume kunye noyilo lwemoto yombane esulungekileyo yahlukile kuleyo yemoto yangaphakathi eqhutywa yinjini yokutsha. Ikwayinkqubo yobunjineli entsonkothileyo. Kufuneka idibanise itekhnoloji yebhetri yamandla, itekhnoloji yokuqhuba iimoto, itekhnoloji yeemoto kunye nethiyori yolawulo yale mihla ukufezekisa inkqubo yolawulo oluphezulu. Kwisicwangciso sophuhliso lwesayensi yezithuthi zombane kunye nethekhnoloji, ilizwe liyaqhubeka nokubambelela kuyilo lwe-R&D "yesithathu nkqo kunye nesithathu esithe tye", kwaye igxininisa ngakumbi uphando kwiiteknoloji eziphambili "ezithathu ezithe tye" ngokwesicwangciso sokuguqula itekhnoloji. "Ukuqhuba umbane ococekileyo", oko kukuthi, uphando kwi-drive motor kunye nenkqubo yayo yokulawula, ibhetri yamandla kunye nenkqubo yayo yokulawula, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula i-powertrain. Umenzi ngamnye omkhulu uqulunqa isicwangciso sakhe sophuhliso lweshishini ngokwesicwangciso sophuhliso lwesizwe.
Umbhali ulungisa itekhnoloji ephambili kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwe-powertrain entsha, ebonelela ngesiseko sethiyori kunye nereferensi yoyilo, uvavanyo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-powertrain. Isicwangciso sahlulwe saba zizahluko ezithathu ukuhlalutya itekhnoloji ephambili yokuqhuba umbane kwi-powertrain yezithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo. Namhlanje, siya kuqala ukwazisa umgaqo kunye nokuhlelwa kobuchwepheshe bokuqhuba umbane.
Umzobo 1 uQhagamshelwano oluPhambili kuPhuhliso lwePowertrain
Okwangoku, ezona teknoloji zingundoqo zoqeqesho lwamandla esithuthi sombane zibandakanya ezi ndidi zilandelayo:
Umzobo we-2 IiTekhnoloji ezingundoqo ze-Powertrain
Inkcazo yeNkqubo yeMoto yokuQhuba
Ngokwemeko yebhetri yamandla esithuthi kunye neemfuno zamandla esithuthi, iguqula amandla ombane aphuma ngebhodi yokugcina amandla kwisixhobo sokuvelisa amandla kumatshini, kwaye amandla adluliselwa kumavili okuqhuba ngesixhobo sokuhambisa, kunye namacandelo. amandla omatshini wesithuthi aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane kwaye aphinde afakwe kwisixhobo sogcino lwamandla xa isithuthi siqhekeziwe. Inkqubo yokuqhuba umbane ibandakanya imotor, i-transmission mechanism, isilawuli semoto kunye namanye amacandelo. Uyilo lweeparamitha zobugcisa benkqubo yokuqhuba amandla ombane ikakhulu ibandakanya amandla, itorque, isantya, i-voltage, umlinganiselo wokuhanjiswa kokunciphisa, amandla okubonelela ngombane, amandla aphumayo, amandla ombane, okwangoku, njl.
1) Umlawuli weemoto
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-inverter, itshintsha igalelo langoku elithe ngqo yipakethi yebhetri yamandla ibe yangoku etshintshanayo. Amalungu angundoqo:
◎ I-IGBT: umbane wokutshintsha i-elektroniki, umgaqo: ngokusebenzisa isilawuli, lawula ingalo yebhulorho ye-IGBT ukuvala i-frequency ethile kunye nolandelelwano lokutshintshela ukuvelisa umsinga otshintshanayo wamanqanaba amathathu. Ngokulawula iswitshi ye-elektroniki yamandla ukuba ivale, i-voltage etshintshanayo inokuguqulwa. Emva koko i-voltage ye-AC iveliswa ngokulawula umjikelo womsebenzi.
◎ Ubuchule befilimu: umsebenzi wokucoca; Uluvo lwangoku: Ukubona umjelo wokujika kwezigaba ezithathu.
2) Ukulawula kunye nokuqhuba isiphaluka: ibhodi yokulawula ikhompyutha, ukuqhuba i-IGBT
Indima yesilawuli semoto kukuguqula i-DC kwi-AC, ifumane umqondiso ngamnye, kwaye ikhuphe amandla ahambelanayo kunye ne-torque. Amacandelo angundoqo: amandla okutshintsha i-elektroniki, i-capacitor yefilimu, i-sensor yangoku, isiphaluka sokulawula i-drive drive ukuvula iiswitshi ezahlukeneyo, iifom zamanzi kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvelisa i-voltage eguqukayo. Ngoko ke, sinokuhlula i-sinusoidal alternating current ibe ngamaxande. Ummandla weengxande uguqulwa ube ngumbane kunye nokuphakama okufanayo. I-x-axis iqonda ulawulo lobude ngokulawula umjikelo womsebenzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni iqonde ukuguqulwa okulinganayo kwendawo. Ngale ndlela, amandla e-DC anokulawulwa ukuvala ingalo yebhulorho ye-IGBT kwi-frequency ethile kunye nolandelelwano lokutshintshela ngesilawuli ukuvelisa amandla e-AC amanqanaba amathathu.
Okwangoku, amacandelo aphambili esekethe ye-drive axhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe: ii-capacitors, ii-IGBT / MOSFET switch tubes, i-DSP, iitshiphusi ze-elektroniki kunye neesekethe ezidibeneyo, ezinokuveliswa ngokuzimeleyo kodwa zibe nomthamo obuthathaka: iisekethe ezikhethekileyo, izinzwa, izihlanganisi, ezinokuthi ziveliswa ngokuzimeleyo: izixhobo zombane, iidiode, ii-inductors, iibhodi zeesekethe ezininzi, iingcingo ezigqunyiweyo, iiradiyetha.
3) IMoto: guqula inqanaba lesithathu elitshintshayo langoku libe ngoomatshini
◎ Isakhiwo: izigqubuthelo zesiphelo zangaphambili nangasemva, amaqokobhe, iishafti neebheringi
◎ Isekethe yemagnethi: i-stator core, i-rotor core
◎ Isekethe: i-stator winding, i-rotor conductor
4) Isixhobo sokuThutha
Ibhokisi yegiya okanye isinciphisi siguqula isantya setorque yimoto ukuya kwisantya kunye netorque efunwa sisithuthi siphela.
Uhlobo lwemoto yokuqhuba
Iinjini zokuqhuba zahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amane alandelayo. Okwangoku, iimotor zokungeniswa kwe-AC kunye neenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezithuthi zombane zamandla amatsha. Ke sigxile kwitekhnoloji ye-AC yokungeniswa kwemoto kunye nemagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor.
| DC Motor | AC Induction Motor | IMoto esisigxina yeMagnet Synchronous Motor | Utshintshe iMoto yokuReluctation | |
| Inzuzo | Iindleko eziphantsi, iimfuno eziphantsi zeNkqubo yoLawulo | Ixabiso eliphantsi, Ukhuseleko lwamandla olubanzi, Itekhnoloji yokulawula ephuhlisiweyo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu | Uxinzelelo lwaMandla aphezulu, Ukusebenza okuphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci | Ulwakhiwo olulula, iimfuno eziphantsi zeNkqubo yoLawulo |
| Ukusilela | Iimfuno eziphezulu zokugcinwa, isantya esiphantsi, i-torque ephantsi, ubomi obufutshane | Indawo encinci esebenzayo Ubuninzi baMandla oMbane | Iindleko eziphezulu Ukungakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo | Ukuguquguquka kwetorque enkuluIngxolo ephezulu yokusebenza |
| Isicelo | Isithuthi sombane esincinci okanye esinesantya esiphantsi | Imoto yoShishino loMbane kunye neemoto zaBakhweli | Imoto yoShishino loMbane kunye neemoto zaBakhweli | Umxube-amandla Vehicle |
1)I-AC Induction Asynchronous Motor
Umgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo we-AC inductive motor asynchronous kukuba i-winding iya kudlula kwi-slot ye-stator kunye ne-rotor: ifakwe ngamashiti ensimbi amancinci kunye ne-high magnetic conductivity. Umbane wamanqanaba amathathu uya kudlula kwi-winding. Ngokomthetho we-Faraday we-electromagnetic induction, intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo iya kuveliswa, isizathu sokuba i-rotor ijikeleze. Iikhoyili ezintathu ze-stator zixhunywe kwixesha le-degrees ze-120, kwaye umqhubi ophetheyo wangoku uvelisa iindawo zamagnetic ezijikelezayo. Xa unikezelo lwamandla amanqanaba amathathu lusetyenziswa kolu lungiselelo olukhethekileyo, iindawo zamagnetic ziya kutshintsha kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokutshintsha kokutshintsha kwangoku ngexesha elithile, ukuvelisa umbane wamagnetic kunye nobukhulu obujikelezayo obufanayo. Isantya esijikelezayo semagnethi ibizwa ngokuba yi-synchronous speed. Masithi i-conductor evaliweyo ifakwe ngaphakathi, ngokomthetho kaFaraday, ngenxa yokuba intsimi yamagnetic iguquguqukayo, I-loop iya kuqonda amandla e-electromotive, eya kuvelisa okwangoku kwi-loop. Le meko ifana nje nelophu ephetheyo yangoku kwintsimi yemagnethi, evelisa amandla ombane kwilophu, kwaye uHuan Jiang uqala ukujikeleza. Ukusebenzisa into efana ne-squirrel cage, i-alternating current yesigaba-esithathu iya kuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo nge-stator, kwaye yangoku iya kunyanzeliswa kwi-squirrel cage bar ifutshane ngendandatho yokuphela, ngoko i-rotor iqala ukujikeleza, okuyiyo. kutheni le moto ibizwa ngokuba yi-induction motor. Ngoncedo lwe-electromagnetic induction kunokuba luqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-rotor ukuphembelela umbane, i-insulating iron core flakes izaliswe kwi-rotor, ukuze intsimbi encinci iqinisekise ilahleko encinci ye-eddi yangoku.
2) I-AC ye-synchronous motor
I-rotor ye-synchronous motor yahlukile kuleyo ye-asynchronous motor. Imagnethi esisigxina ifakwe kwi-rotor, enokuthi yahlulwe ibe yindawo ephakanyisiweyo yomhlaba kunye nohlobo olufakwe ngaphakathi. I-rotor yenziwe nge-silicon sheet sheet, kwaye imagnethi esisigxina ifakwe. I-stator iphinde idibaniswe ne-alternating current kunye nokwahlukana kwesigaba se-120, esilawula ubungakanani kunye nesigaba se-sine wave alternating current, ukwenzela ukuba i-magnetic field eyenziwa yi-stator ichasene naleyo yenziwe yi-rotor, kunye nemagnethi. ibala liyajikeleza. Ngale ndlela, i-stator ikhangwa ngumagnet kwaye ijikeleza kunye ne-rotor. Umjikelo emva komjikelezo uveliswa yi-stator kunye ne-rotor absorption.
Ukuqukumbela: Ukuqhutywa kweemoto kwizithuthi zombane ngokusisiseko kube yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa ayiyodwa kodwa iyantlukwano. Inkqubo nganye yokuqhuba imoto inesalathiso sayo esibanzi. Isixokelelwano ngasinye sisetyenziswa kwindlela ekhoyo yokuqhuba isithuthi sombane. Uninzi lwazo ziimotor ezi-asynchronous kunye ne-magnetic synchronous motors ezisisigxina, ngelixa ezinye zizama ukutshintsha iimotor zokungafuni. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-motor drive idibanisa iteknoloji yamandla e-electronics, iteknoloji ye-microelectronics, iteknoloji yedijithali, iteknoloji yokulawula okuzenzekelayo, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezinye iinkalo zokubonakalisa usetyenziso olubanzi kunye nophuhliso lwamathemba amacandelo amaninzi. Ukhuphisana olomeleleyo kwiimoto zemoto zombane. Ukuze ube nendawo kwizithuthi zombane ezizayo, zonke iintlobo zeenjini azidingi nje kuphela ukukhulisa ubume bemoto, kodwa zikwafuna nokuphonononga rhoqo izinto ezikrelekrele nezedijithali zenkqubo yolawulo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-30-2023
