Xa kuthelekiswa ne-radial flux motors, ii-axial flux motors zineengenelo ezininzi kuyilo lwemoto yombane. Umzekelo, i-axial flux motors inokutshintsha uyilo lwe-powertrain ngokuhambisa i-motor ukusuka kwi-axle ukuya ngaphakathi kwamavili.
1.I-axis yamandla
Iinjini zeAxial fluxbafumana ingqalelo eyongeziweyo (bafumana amandla). Kwiminyaka emininzi, olu hlobo lweemoto luye lwasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezimileyo ezifana ne-elevators kunye noomatshini bezolimo, kodwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, abaphuhlisi abaninzi bebesebenza ukuphucula le teknoloji kwaye bayisebenzise kwizithuthuthu zombane, iipods zesikhululo seenqwelomoya, iilori zemithwalo, umbane. izithuthi, kunye neenqwelomoya.
Iimotor zeradial flux zemveli zisebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina okanye iimotor induction, ezenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ekwandiseni ubunzima kunye neendleko. Nangona kunjalo, bajongene nobunzima obuninzi bokuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa. I-Axial flux, uhlobo olwahluke ngokupheleleyo lwemoto, inokuba yinto efanelekileyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zeradial, indawo esebenzayo yamagnetic ye-axial flux esisigxina yemagnethi motors ngumphezulu we-motor rotor, hayi idayamitha yangaphandle. Ke ngoko, kumthamo othile wemoto, i-axial flux esisigxina yemagnethi motors inokubonelela ngetorque enkulu.
Iinjini zeAxial fluxzixinene ngakumbi; Xa kuthelekiswa nee-radial motors, ubude be-axial yemoto bufutshane kakhulu. Kwiinjini zamavili zangaphakathi, oku kuhlala kungumba obalulekileyo. Ulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo lweenjini ze-axial luqinisekisa ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye noxinano lwetorque kuneenjini zeradial ezifanayo, ngaloo ndlela zisusa imfuno yezantya eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-axial flux motors nako kuphezulu kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kudlula i-96%. Oku kubulela kwindlela emfutshane, enye enomgangatho wokuguquguquka, enokuthelekiseka okanye iphezulu ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa neyona njini ye-2D yeradial flux kwimarike.
Ubude benjini bufutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo amaxesha ama-5 ukuya kwe-8 mfutshane, kwaye ubunzima buyancipha ngama-2 ukuya kwa-5 amaxesha. Ezi zinto zimbini ziye zatshintsha ukhetho lwabayili beqonga lezithuthi zombane.
2. Iteknoloji ye-Axial flux
Kukho i-topology ezimbini eziphambiliiinjini ze-axial flux: i-rotor ye-stator enye (ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba ngoomatshini besitayela se-torus) kunye ne-rotor enye ye-stator ephindwe kabini.
Okwangoku, uninzi lweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zisebenzisa i-radial flux topology. Isiphaluka samagnetic flux siqala ngemagnethi esisigxina kwi-rotor, idlula kwizinyo lokuqala kwi-stator, kwaye emva koko ihamba ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-stator. Emva koko udlule kwizinyo lesibini ukufikelela kwintsimbi yesibini yamagnetic kwi-rotor. Kwi-double rotor axial flux topology, i-flux loop iqala kwimagnethi yokuqala, idlula nge-axially kumazinyo e-stator, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ifike kwimagnethi yesibini.
Oku kuthetha ukuba indlela ye-flux imfutshane kakhulu kunaleyo yeemoto ze-radial flux, ezikhokelela kumthamo omncinci wemoto, ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumandla afanayo.
I-radial motor, apho i-magnetic flux idlula kwizinyo lokuqala ize ibuyele kwizinyo elilandelayo nge-stator, ifike kwimagnethi. I-Magnetic flux ilandela indlela enamacala amabini.
Umzila wemagnethi oguquguqukayo womatshini we-axial magnetic flux unomlinganiselo omnye, ngoko ke kunokusetyenziswa intsimbi yombane ejolise kunkozo. Le ntsimbi yenza kube lula ukuba i-flux idlule, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Iimotor zeRadial flux ngokwesiko zisebenzisa amajiko asasazwayo, ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha seziphelo ezijikajikayo zingasebenzi. I-coil overhang iya kubangela ubunzima obongezelelweyo, indleko, ukuxhathisa kombane, kunye nokulahlekelwa kobushushu, ukunyanzela abaqulunqi ukuba baphucule ukuyila okujikelezayo.
Ikhoyili iphela yeiinjini ze-axial fluxzincinci kakhulu, kwaye ezinye ziyilo zisebenzisa i-winding ezigxininisiweyo okanye ezicandekileyo, ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kumashini ahlukeneyo e-stator radial, ukugqabhuka komzila wemagnethi kwi-stator kunokuzisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo, kodwa kwiinjini ze-axial flux, oku akuyona ingxaki. Uyilo lwe-coil winding lungundoqo ekuhlukaniseni inqanaba lababoneleli.
3. Uphuhliso
Iimotor ze-Axial flux zijongana nemiceli mngeni enzima kuyilo kunye nemveliso, ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zazo zetekhnoloji, iindleko zazo ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zeemoto zeradial. Abantu banokuqonda okucokisekileyo kweenjini zeradial, kwaye iindlela zokwenza kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini nazo ziyafumaneka.
Omnye wemingeni ephambili ye-axial flux motors kukugcina i-gap yomoya efanayo phakathi kwe-rotor kunye ne-stator, njengoko amandla ombane amakhulu kakhulu kuneenjini ze-radial, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina umsantsa womoya ofanayo. I-double rotor axial flux motor nayo inemiba yokuchitha ubushushu, njengoko i-winging ibekwe nzulu ngaphakathi kwe-stator naphakathi kweediski ezimbini ze-rotor, okwenza ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kube nzima kakhulu.
Iinjini zeAxial flux zikwanzima ukwenza ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Umatshini we-rotor ezimbini osebenzisa umatshini we-rotor ezimbini kunye ne-jokes topology (oko kukuthi, ukususa idyokhwe yentsimbi kwi-stator kodwa ugcine amazinyo entsimbi) uyazoyisa ezinye zezi ngxaki ngaphandle kokwandisa idiameter yemoto kunye nemagnethi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukususa idyokhwe kuzisa imingeni emitsha, efana nendlela yokulungisa nokubeka amazinyo ngamanye ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano lwedyokhwe ngoomatshini. Ukupholisa kukwangumngeni omkhulu.
Kwakhona kunzima ukuvelisa i-rotor kunye nokugcina i-gap yomoya, njengoko i-rotor disc idonsa i-rotor. Inzuzo kukuba iidiski ze-rotor zixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwindandatho ye-shaft, ngoko ke imikhosi ikhansela ngaphandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthwala kwangaphakathi akumelani nale mikhosi, kwaye umsebenzi wayo kuphela kukugcina i-stator kwindawo ephakathi phakathi kweediski ezimbini ze-rotor.
Iinjini ze-stator eziphindwe kabini azijongani nemingeni yeemoto ezijikelezayo, kodwa uyilo lwe-stator lunzima kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukufezekisa ukuzenzekelayo, kwaye iindleko ezinxulumene nazo ziphezulu. Ngokungafaniyo nayo nayiphi na imotor ye-radial flux yemveli, iinkqubo zokwenziwa kweemoto ze-axial kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini zisandula ukuvela.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane
Ukuthembeka kubalulekile kwishishini leemoto, kunye nokungqina ukuthembeka kunye nokomelela kweendlela ezahlukeneyo.iinjini ze-axial fluxukukholisa abavelisi ukuba ezi motors zifanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi bekusoloko kungumngeni. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba ababoneleli beemoto be-axial baqhube iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezibanzi bebodwa, umboneleli ngamnye ebonisa ukuba ukuthembeka kwemoto yabo akwahlukanga kwiimotor zeradial flux eziqhelekileyo.
Ilungu kuphela elinokuguga kwi-i-axial flux motorziibheringi. Ubude be-axial magnetic flux bufutshane, kwaye indawo yeebheringi isondele, ngokuqhelekileyo iyilelwe ukuba ibe "ngaphezu kwe-dimensioned" kancinane. Ngethamsanqa, i-axial flux motor inobunzima obuncinci be-rotor kwaye inokumelana nomthwalo osezantsi we-rotor shaft. Ke ngoko, amandla okwenene asetyenziswa kwiibheringi mncinci kakhulu kunemoto yeradial flux.
I-axle ye-elektroniki sesinye sezicelo zokuqala zee-axial motors. Ububanzi obuncinci bunokufaka i-motor kunye ne-gearbox kwi-asi. Kwizicelo ezixutyiweyo, ubude be-axial obufutshane benjini bunciphisa ubude benkqubo yothumelo.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukufaka i-axial motor kwivili. Ngale ndlela, amandla anokuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwimoto ukuya kumavili, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto. Ngenxa yokupheliswa kothumelo, umahluko, kunye nee-driveshafts, ukuntsonkotha kwenkqubo nako kuye kwancitshiswa.
Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi ulungelelwaniso olusemgangathweni alukaveli. Umenzi ngamnye wesixhobo sokuqala uphanda ulungelelwaniso oluthile, njengoko ubungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo zeenjini ze-axial zinokulutshintsha uyilo lwezithuthi zombane. Xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zeradial, iimotor ze-axial zinoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, okuthetha ukuba kunokusetyenziswa iinjini ezincinci zeaxial. Oku kubonelela ngokhetho olutsha loyilo lwamaqonga ezithuthi, njengokubeka iipakethi zebhetri.
4.1 Izikrweqe ezicandiweyo
I-YASA (iYokeless kunye neSegmented Armature) i-motor topology ngumzekelo we-double rotor single stator topology, enciphisa ubunzima bokuvelisa kwaye ilungele ukuveliswa kobunzima obuzenzekelayo. Ezi motors zinobuninzi bamandla ukuya kwi-10 kW / kg ngesantya se-2000 ukuya kwi-9000 rpm.
Ukusebenzisa isilawuli esizinikezeleyo, sinokubonelela ngoku nge-200 kVA yemoto. Umlawuli unomthamo omalunga neelitha ezi-5 kwaye unobunzima beekhilogram ze-5.8, kubandakanywa nolawulo lwe-thermal kunye nokupholisa i-oyile ye-dielectric, efanelekileyo kwiimotor ze-axial flux kunye ne-induction kunye ne-radial flux motors.
Oku kuvumela abavelisi bezixhobo zombane zombane kunye nabaphuhlisi benqanaba lokuqala ukuba bakhethe ngokulula iimoto ezifanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwisicelo kunye nendawo ekhoyo. Ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima benza ukuba isithuthi sibe lula kwaye sibe neebhetri ezininzi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukunyuswa koluhlu.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthuthu zombane
Kwizithuthuthu zombane kunye nee-ATVs, ezinye iinkampani ziphuhlise iimotor ze-AC axial flux. Uyilo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswayo kolu hlobo lwesithuthi yi-DC brush esekelwe kuyilo lwe-axial flux, ngelixa imveliso entsha iyi-AC, uyilo olutywinwe ngokupheleleyo lwe-brushless.
Iikhoyili zazo zombini iinjini ze-DC kunye ne-AC zihlala zimile, kodwa iiroyitha ezimbini zisebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina endaweni yokujikeleza izixhobo. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba ayifuni ukuguqulwa komatshini.
Uyilo lwe-axial lwe-AC lunokusebenzisa izilawuli zeemoto zenqanaba lesithathu le-AC kwii-radial motors. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko, njengoko umlawuli elawula i-torque yangoku, kungekhona isantya. Umlawuli ufuna i-frequency ye-12 kHz okanye ngaphezulu, eyona nto iqhelekileyo yezixhobo ezinjalo.
I-frequency ephezulu iphuma kwi-inductance ephantsi yokujija ka-20 µ H. I-frequency inokulawula i-current ukunciphisa i-ripple yangoku kunye nokuqinisekisa umqondiso we-sinusoidal ngokugudileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukusuka kwimbono eguquguqukayo, le yindlela entle yokufikelela kulawulo lweemoto ezigudileyo ngokuvumela utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwetorque.
Olu lwakhiwo luthatha ukuhanjiswa kwe-double-layer winding, ngoko ke i-magnetic flux ihamba ukusuka kwi-rotor ukuya kwenye i-rotor nge-stator, kunye nendlela emfutshane kakhulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Isitshixo solu yilo kukuba inokusebenza kwi-voltage ephezulu ye-60 V kwaye ayifanelekanga kwiinkqubo eziphezulu zombane. Ke ngoko, ingasetyenziselwa izithuthuthu zombane kunye neklasi ye-L7e yezithuthi ezinamavili amane njengeRenault Twizy.
Amandla ombane aphezulu angama-60 V avumela i-motor ukuba idityaniswe kwiinkqubo zombane eziqhelekileyo ze-48 V kwaye yenza lula umsebenzi wokulungisa.
Inkcazo ye-L7e yesithuthuthu esinamavili amane kwi-European Framework Regulation 2002/24/EC ichaza ukuba ubunzima bezithuthi ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimpahla azidluli iikhilogram ezingama-600, ngaphandle kobunzima beebhetri. Ezi zithuthi zivumelekile ukuba zithwale iikhilogram ezingaphezulu kwama-200 zabakhweli, iikhilogram ezingaphezulu kwe-1000 zempahla, kwaye zingabi ngaphezu kwe-15 kilowatts zamandla enjini. Indlela yokusabalalisa esasazwayo inokubonelela nge-torque ye-75-100 Nm, kunye ne-peak yamandla ephumayo ye-20-25 kW kunye namandla aqhubekayo angama-15 kW.
Umngeni we-axial flux uxhomekeke kwindlela i-copper windings echitha ngayo ukushisa, okunzima kuba ukushisa kufuneka kudlule kwi-rotor. I-winding esasazwayo ngundoqo ekusombululeni le ngxaki, njengoko inenani elikhulu leendawo zokubeka iipali. Ngale ndlela, kukho indawo enkulu yomhlaba phakathi kobhedu kunye negobolondo, kwaye ubushushu bunokudluliselwa ngaphandle kwaye bukhutshwe yinkqubo yokupholisa ulwelo oluqhelekileyo.
Iipali ezininzi zemagneti zingundoqo ekusebenziseni iifom zamaza e-sinusoidal, ezinceda ukunciphisa i-harmonics. Ezi harmonics zibonakaliswa njengokufudumeza kwamagnethi kunye nengundoqo, ngelixa izinto zobhedu azikwazi ukuthwala ubushushu. Xa ubushushu buqokelelana kwimagnethi kunye neentsimbi zentsimbi, ukusebenza kakuhle kuyehla, yiyo loo nto ukukhulisa i-wave wave kunye nendlela yobushushu ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto.
Uyilo lwemoto luye lwaphuculwa ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokufezekisa imveliso yobuninzi ezenzekelayo. Iringi yezindlu eyongeziweyo ayifuni ukucutshungulwa komatshini kwaye inokunciphisa iindleko zezinto. Ikhoyili inokulimala ngokuthe ngqo kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa isetyenziswe ngexesha lenkqubo yokucima ukuze kugcinwe ukuma kwendibano echanekileyo.
Inqaku eliphambili kukuba i-coil yenziwe ngocingo oluqhelekileyo olufumanekayo kwezorhwebo, ngelixa i-iron core i-laminated kunye ne-standard ebekwe kwi-shelf transformer steel, efuna nje ukunqunyulwa kwimilo. Olunye uyilo lweemoto lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithambileyo zemagneti kwi-lamination engundoqo, enokubiza kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-windings ezisasazwayo kuthetha ukuba insimbi yamagnetic ayifuni ukuba yahlulwe; Zinokuba yimilo elula kwaye kulula ukwenza. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bentsimbi yamagnetic kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhululeka kwayo kwimveliso kunempembelelo enkulu ekunciphiseni iindleko.
Uyilo lwale moto ye-axial flux nayo inokwenziwa ngokweemfuno zabathengi. Abathengi baye baqulunqa iinguqulelo ezilungiselelwe malunga noyilo olusisiseko. Emva koko iveliswe kumgca wovavanyo wemveliso yokuqinisekisa imveliso kwangethuba, enokuphinda iphindwe kwezinye iifektri.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kungenxa yokuba ukusebenza kwesithuthi akuxhomekeke kuphela kuyilo lwe-axial magnetic flux motor, kodwa kunye nomgangatho wesakhiwo sesithuthi, ipakethi yebhetri, kunye ne-BMS.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-28-2023
