Ulwakhiwo kunye noyilo lwesithuthi sombane esicocekileyo lwahlukile kweso sesithuthi semveli esiqhutywa yinjini yokutsha yangaphakathi. Sikwayinkqubo yobunjineli eyinkimbinkimbi. Kufuneka idibanise iteknoloji yebhetri yamandla, iteknoloji yokuqhuba iimoto, iteknoloji yeemoto kunye nethiyori yokulawula yanamhlanje ukuze kufezekiswe inkqubo yolawulo efanelekileyo. Kwisicwangciso sophuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji yezithuthi zombane, ilizwe liyaqhubeka nokunamathela kuyilo lwe-R&D "lwesithathu ezithe nkqo kunye nesithathu ezithe nkqo", kwaye ligxininisa ngakumbi uphando malunga netekhnoloji eqhelekileyo "yesithathu ezithe nkqo" ngokwesicwangciso sokuguqula itekhnoloji se-"pure electric drive", oko kukuthi, uphando malunga nemoto yokuqhuba kunye nenkqubo yayo yokulawula, ibhetri yamandla kunye nenkqubo yayo yolawulo, kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwe-powertrain. Umenzi ngamnye omkhulu wenza isicwangciso sakhe sophuhliso lweshishini ngokwesicwangciso sophuhliso sesizwe.
Umbhali uhlalutya ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwesixhobo esitsha samandla, enika isiseko sethiyori kunye nesalathiso soyilo, uvavanyo, kunye nokuveliswa kwesixhobo samandla. Esi sicwangciso sahlulwe saba zizahluko ezithathu ukuhlalutya ubuchwepheshe obuphambili besixhobo sombane kwisixhobo samandla sezithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo. Namhlanje, siza kuqala ngokuzisa umgaqo kunye nohlu lweetekhnoloji zesixhobo sombane.
Umfanekiso 1 Iikhonkco eziphambili kuPhuhliso lwePowertrain
Okwangoku, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili boomatshini bombane obucocekileyo buquka ezi ndidi zine zilandelayo:
Umfanekiso 2 Iiteknoloji eziphambili zePowertrain
Inkcazo yeNkqubo yeMoto yokuqhuba
Ngokwemeko yebhetri yamandla esithuthi kunye neemfuno zamandla esithuthi, iguqula amandla ombane aphuma kwisixhobo sokugcina amandla esikwibhodi abe ngamandla oomatshini, kwaye amandla adluliselwa kumavili okuqhuba ngesixhobo sokudlulisa, kwaye iindawo zamandla oomatshini esithuthi ziguqulwa zibe ngamandla ombane kwaye zibuyiselwe kwisixhobo sokugcina amandla xa isithuthi sibhuleka. Inkqubo yokuqhuba ngombane ibandakanya imoto, indlela yokudlulisa, umlawuli wemoto kunye nezinye izinto. Uyilo lweeparamitha zobugcisa zenkqubo yokuqhuba amandla ombane lubandakanya ikakhulu amandla, i-torque, isantya, i-voltage, umlinganiselo wokudlulisa, amandla okuhambisa, amandla okukhupha, i-voltage, i-current, njl.
1) Umlawuli wemoto
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-inverter, itshintsha igalelo lamandla ngqo elivela kwibhetri yamandla libe yi-alternating current.
◎ IGBT: iswitshi ye-elektroniki yamandla, umgaqo: ngokusebenzisa isilawuli, lawula ingalo yebhulorho ye-IGBT ukuvala i-frequency ethile kunye neswitshi yolandelelwano ukuvelisa umsinga otshintshayo wesigaba sesithathu. Ngokulawula iswitshi ye-elektroniki yamandla ukuvala, i-voltage etshintshanayo inokuguqulwa. Emva koko i-voltage ye-AC iveliswa ngokulawula umjikelo womsebenzi.
◎ Umthamo wefilimu: umsebenzi wokucoca; isenzi sangoku: ukubona umsinga wokujikeleza kwezigaba ezintathu.
2) Isekethe yokulawula nokuqhuba: ibhodi yokulawula yekhompyutha, i-IGBT eqhubayo
Indima yomlawuli wemoto kukuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC, ukufumana isignali nganye, kunye nokukhupha amandla kunye ne-torque ehambelanayo. Izinto eziphambili: iswitshi ye-elektroniki yamandla, i-capacitor yefilimu, i-sensor yangoku, isekethe yokulawula i-drive ukuvula iiswitshi ezahlukeneyo, ukwenza i-currents kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvelisa i-voltage etshintshanayo. Ke ngoko, singahlula i-sinusoidal alternating current ibe zii-rectangles. Indawo yee-rectangles iguqulwa ibe yi-voltage enokuphakama okufanayo. I-x-axis iqonda ulawulo lobude ngokulawula umjikelo womsebenzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni iqonda ukuguqulwa okulinganayo kwendawo. Ngale ndlela, amandla e-DC anokulawulwa ukuvala ingalo yebhulorho ye-IGBT kwi-frequency ethile kunye ne-sequence switch ngokusebenzisa i-controller ukuvelisa amandla e-AC amanqanaba amathathu.
Okwangoku, izinto eziphambili zesekethe yokuqhuba zixhomekeke kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle: ii-capacitors, iityhubhu zokutshintsha ze-IGBT/MOSFET, i-DSP, iitships ze-elektroniki kunye neesekethe ezidibeneyo, ezinokuveliswa ngokuzimeleyo kodwa zinamandla abuthathaka: iisekethe ezikhethekileyo, ii-sensors, izihlanganisi, ezinokuveliswa ngokuzimeleyo: izixhobo zombane, ii-diode, ii-inductors, iibhodi zesekethe ezinee-multilayer, iingcingo ezigqunyiweyo, ii-radiators.
3) Injini: guqula umsinga otshintshanayo wamanqanaba amathathu ube ngoomatshini
◎ Ulwakhiwo: izigqubuthelo zangaphambili nangasemva, amaqokobhe, imiphini kunye neebheringi
◎ Isekethe yeMagnetic: isiseko se-stator, isiseko se-rotor
◎ Isekethe: i-stator winding, i-rotor conductor
4) Isixhobo sokudlulisa
Ibhokisi yegiya okanye i-reducer iguqula isantya se-torque esiphuma kwimoto sibe sisantya kunye ne-torque efunekayo kwisithuthi siphela.
Uhlobo lwemoto yokuqhuba
Iimoto eziqhubayo zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezine ezilandelayo. Okwangoku, iimoto ezisebenzisa i-AC kunye neemoto ezisebenzisa i-magnetic synchronous motors zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezithuthi ezintsha zombane. Ngoko ke sigxila kubuchwepheshe bemoto ezisebenzisa i-AC induction kunye nemoto ezisebenzisa i-magnet synchronous motor ezisebenzisa i-permanent magnet.
| Imoto yeDC | Imoto yokungenisa i-AC | I-Magnet esisigxina ehambelanayo yeMoto | I-Switched Relaxance Motor | |
| Inzuzo | Iindleko eziphantsi, iimfuno eziphantsi zeNkqubo yoLawulo | Ixabiso eliphantsi, Umbane obanzi, Itekhnoloji yokulawula ephuhlisiweyo, Ukuthembeka okuphezulu | Uxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, ubungakanani obuncinci | Ulwakhiwo olulula, iimfuno eziphantsi zeNkqubo yoLawulo |
| Ububi | Iimfuno zolondolozo eziphezulu, Isantya esiphantsi, I-torque ephantsi, ubomi obufutshane | Indawo encinci esebenza kakuhleUxinano lwaMandla aphantsi | Ixabiso eliphezulu Ukungazinzi kakuhle kokusingqongileyo | Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-torqueIngxolo ephezulu yokusebenza |
| Isicelo | Isithuthi sombane esincinci okanye esincinci esihamba ngesantya esiphantsi | Iimoto zeShishini loMbane kunye neemoto zabahambi | Iimoto zeShishini loMbane kunye neemoto zabahambi | Isithuthi samandla okuxuba |
1) I-AC Induction Asynchronous Motor
Umgaqo osebenzayo we-AC inductive asynchronous motor kukuba i-winding iya kudlula kwi-stator slot nakwi-rotor: ibekwe ngamashiti entsimbi amancinci ane-magnetic conductivity ephezulu. Umbane wezigaba ezintathu uya kudlula kwi-winding. Ngokomthetho we-Faraday's electromagnetic induction, kuya kuveliswa i-magnetic field ejikelezayo, yiyo loo nto i-rotor ijikeleza. Iikhoyili ezintathu ze-stator ziqhagamshelwe kwisithuba se-120 degrees, kwaye i-current-carrier carrier ivelisa i-magnetic fields ezijikelezileyo. Xa umbane wezigaba ezintathu usetyenziswa kolu lungiselelo lukhethekileyo, i-magnetic fields iya kutshintsha kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokutshintsha kwe-alternating current ngexesha elithile, ivelise i-magnetic field ene-rotating intensity efanayo. Isantya esijikelezayo se-magnetic field sibizwa ngokuba yi-synchronous speed. Masithi i-closed conductor ibekwe ngaphakathi, ngokomthetho we-Faraday, kuba i-magnetic field iyaguquguquka, i-loop iya kuva amandla e-electromotive, aya kuvelisa i-current kwi-loop. Le meko ifana ne-current carrier loop kwi-magnetic field, ivelisa amandla e-electromagnetic kwi-loop, kwaye uHuan Jiang uqala ukujikeleza. Ukusebenzisa into efana nekheyiji yesquirrel, umsinga otshintshanayo onezigaba ezintathu uya kuvelisa intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo nge-stator, kwaye umsinga uya kutsalwa kwibha yekheyiji yesquirrel efinyezwe yiringi yokugqibela, ukuze i-rotor iqale ukujikeleza, yiyo loo nto imoto ibizwa ngokuba yi-induction motor. Ngoncedo lwe-electromagnetic induction endaweni yokudityaniswa ngqo ne-rotor ukuze kutsalwe umbane, ii-insulating iron core flakes zizaliswa kwi-rotor, ukuze intsimbi encinci iqinisekise ukulahleka okuncinci komsinga we-eddy.
2) Imoto ehambelanayo ye-AC
Irotha yemoto ehambelanayo yahlukile kweyemoto engahambelaniyo. Imagnethi esisigxina ifakwe kwirotha, enokwahlulwa ibe luhlobo olufakwe kumphezulu kunye nohlobo olufakwe ngaphakathi. Irotha yenziwe ngesinyithi se-silicon, kwaye imagnethi esisigxina ifakwe ngaphakathi. I-stator ikwadityaniswe nomsinga otshintshanayo onomahluko wesigaba se-120, olawula ubungakanani kunye nesigaba somsinga otshintshanayo we-sine wave, ukuze intsimi yemagnethi eveliswa yi-stator ichasene naleyo iveliswa yirotha, kwaye intsimi yemagnethi iyajikeleza. Ngale ndlela, i-stator itsalwa yimagnethi kwaye ijikeleza kunye nerotha. Umjikelo emva komjikelo uveliswa yi-stator kunye nokufunxwa kwerotha.
Isiphelo: I-motor drive yezithuthi zombane ngokusisiseko ibe yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa ayiyonto inye kodwa yahlukahlukene. Inkqubo nganye ye-motor drive ine-index yayo epheleleyo. Inkqubo nganye isetyenziswa kwi-electric vehicle drive ekhoyo. Uninzi lwazo zii-motor ezingangqamananga kunye nee-endless magnet synchronous motors, ngelixa ezinye zizama ukutshintsha ii-motor ezingangqamananga. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-motor drive idibanisa itekhnoloji ye-electronics yamandla, itekhnoloji ye-microelectronics, itekhnoloji yedijithali, itekhnoloji yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezinye iinkalo ukubonisa amathuba okusetyenziswa okubanzi kunye nophuhliso lwezifundo ezininzi. Yinto ekhuphisana kakhulu kwiimoto zezithuthi zombane. Ukuze ithathe indawo kwizithuthi zombane zexesha elizayo, zonke iintlobo zeemoto akufuneki zilungiselele kuphela isakhiwo semoto, kodwa zikwahlola rhoqo iinkalo ezikrelekrele nezedijithali zenkqubo yolawulo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-30-2023
