Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto ze-radial flux, iimoto ze-axial flux zineengenelo ezininzi kuyilo lwezithuthi zombane. Umzekelo, iimoto ze-axial flux zingatshintsha uyilo lwe-powertrain ngokushukumisa imoto ukusuka kwi-axle ukuya ngaphakathi kwamavili.
1. I-axis yamandla
Iimoto ze-Axial fluxbafumana ingqwalasela eyandayo (ukufumana amandla okuqhuba). Kangangeminyaka emininzi, olu hlobo lwemoto belusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezisisigxina ezifana neelifti kunye noomatshini bezolimo, kodwa kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, abaphuhlisi abaninzi bebesebenza ukuphucula obu buchwephesha kwaye babusebenzise kwiimoto zombane, iipodi zesikhululo seenqwelo-moya, iilori zemithwalo, izithuthi zombane, kwaneenqwelo-moya.
Iimoto ze-radial flux zemveli zisebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina okanye iimoto zokungenisa, ezenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ekuphuculeni ubunzima kunye neendleko. Nangona kunjalo, zijongene nobunzima obuninzi ekuqhubekeni nophuhliso. I-Axial flux, uhlobo olwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo lwemoto, inokuba lolunye ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nee-radial motors, indawo esebenza kakuhle yemagnethi yee-axial flux permanent magnet motors ngumphezulu we-motor rotor, hayi ububanzi obungaphandle. Ke ngoko, kwi-volume ethile ye-motor, ii-axial flux permanent magnet motors zihlala zibonelela nge-torque enkulu.
Iimoto ze-Axial fluxzincinci ngakumbi; Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto ze-radial, ubude be-axial yemoto bufutshane kakhulu. Kwiimoto zamavili zangaphakathi, oku kudla ngokuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Ulwakhiwo oluncinci lweemoto ze-axial luqinisekisa uxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye noxinano lwe-torque kuneemoto ze-radial ezifanayo, ngaloo ndlela kususa imfuneko yesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweemoto ze-axial flux nako kuphezulu kakhulu, kudla ngokudlula i-96%. Oku kungenxa yendlela emfutshane ye-flux, enomlinganiselo omnye, enokuthelekiseka okanye ephezulu ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa neemoto ze-2D radial flux ezilungileyo kwimarike.
Ubude bemoto bufutshane, buhlala bufutshane ngokuphindwe ka-5 ukuya ku-8, kwaye ubunzima buncitshiswa ngokuphindwe ka-2 ukuya ku-5. Ezi zinto zimbini zitshintshe ukhetho lwabayili beeplatifomu zezithuthi zombane.
2. Itekhnoloji ye-Axial flux
Kukho iitopoloji ezimbini eziphambili zeiimoto ze-axial flux: i-dual rotor single stator (ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba ziimashini zesitayile se-torus) kunye ne-single rotor dual stator.
Okwangoku, uninzi lweemoto zemagnethi ezihlala ixesha elide zisebenzisa i-radial flux topology. Isekethe ye-magnetic flux iqala ngemagnethi ehlala ixesha elide kwi-rotor, idlule kwizinyo lokuqala kwi-stator, ize ihambe nge-radially ecaleni kwe-stator. Emva koko idlule kwizinyo lesibini ukuze ifikelele kwintsimbi yesibini yemagnethi kwi-rotor. Kwi-dual rotor axial flux topology, i-flux loop iqala kwimagnethi yokuqala, idlule nge-axial ngokusebenzisa amazinyo e-stator, ize ifikelele kwangoko kwimagnethi yesibini.
Oku kuthetha ukuba indlela yokujikeleza imfutshane kakhulu kuneyeemoto ze-radial flux, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iimoto zibe ncinci, amandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumandla afanayo.
I-radial motor, apho i-magnetic flux idlula kwizinyo lokuqala ize ibuyele kwizinyo elilandelayo nge-stator, ifikelele kwi-magnet. I-magnetic flux ilandela indlela enamacala amabini.
Indlela ye-magnetic flux yomatshini we-axial magnetic flux inomlinganiselo omnye, ngoko ke intsimbi yombane ejolise kwiingqolowa ingasetyenziswa. Le ntsimbi yenza kube lula ukuba i-flux idlule kuyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Iimoto ze-radial flux zihlala zisebenzisa ii-distributed windings, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha see-winding ends azisebenzi. I-coil overhang iya kubangela ubunzima obongezelelekileyo, iindleko, ukumelana nombane, kunye nokulahleka kobushushu okungakumbi, nto leyo enyanzela abayili ukuba baphucule uyilo lwe-winding.
Iziphelo zekhoyiliiimoto ze-axial fluxzincinci kakhulu, kwaye ezinye iindlela zoyilo zisebenzisa ii-concentrated okanye segmented windings, ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kwii-segmented stator radial machines, ukuqhekeka kwendlela ye-magnetic flux kwi-stator kunokubangela ilahleko ezongezelelweyo, kodwa kwii-axial flux motors, oku akuyongxaki. Uyilo lwe-coil winding yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokwahlula inqanaba lababoneleli.
3. Uphuhliso
Iimoto ze-Axial flux zijongene nemingeni enzima kuyilo nakwimveliso, nangona zineengenelo zobuchwepheshe, iindleko zazo ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zeemoto ze-radial. Abantu banolwazi olunzulu ngeemoto ze-radial, kwaye iindlela zokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini nazo ziyafumaneka lula.
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili zeemoto ze-axial flux kukugcina umsantsa womoya ofanayo phakathi kwe-rotor kunye ne-stator, njengoko amandla emagnethi makhulu kakhulu kunalawo eemoto ze-radial, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina umsantsa womoya ofanayo. Imoto ye-axial flux ye-rotor ezimbini ikwanazo neengxaki zokusasaza ubushushu, njengoko ukujija kukwi-stator naphakathi kweediski ezimbini ze-rotor, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusasaza ubushushu.
Iimoto ze-Axial flux nazo kunzima ukuzenza ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Umatshini we-dual rotor osebenzisa umatshini we-dual rotor one-topology ye-yokes (oko kukuthi ukususa i-iron joke kwi-stator kodwa ugcine amazinyo esinyithi) uyoyisa ezinye zezi ngxaki ngaphandle kokwandisa ububanzi be-motor kunye ne-magnet.
Nangona kunjalo, ukususa idyokhwe kuzisa imingeni emitsha, njengokuba ungalungisa njani kwaye ubeke amazinyo ngamanye ngaphandle kokudibanisa idyokhwe ngomatshini. Ukupholisa kukwangumngeni omkhulu.
Kunzima nokuvelisa i-rotor nokugcina umsantsa womoya, njengoko i-rotor disc itsala i-rotor. Inzuzo kukuba ii-rotor discs ziqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo ngesangqa se-shaft, ngoko ke amandla ayarhoxisana. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-internal bearing ayimelani nala mandla, kwaye umsebenzi wayo kuphela kukugcina i-stator ikwindawo ephakathi phakathi kwee-rotor discs ezimbini.
Iimoto ze-double stator single rotor azijongani nemingeni yeemoto ezijikelezayo, kodwa uyilo lwe-stator luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukulufezekisa, kwaye iindleko ezinxulumene nalo ziphezulu. Ngokungafaniyo nayo nayiphi na imoto yendabuko ye-radial flux, iinkqubo zokwenziwa kweemoto ze-axial kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini zisandula ukuvela.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane
Ukuthembeka kubalulekile kwishishini leemoto, kwaye kungqina ukuthembeka nokuqina kweemoto ezahlukeneyo.iimoto ze-axial fluxukweyisela abavelisi ukuba ezi moto zilungele ukuveliswa ngobuninzi bekusoloko kungumngeni. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba ababoneleli beemoto ezijikelezayo benze iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezibanzi ngokwabo, umthengisi ngamnye ebonisa ukuba ukuthembeka kweemoto zabo akwahlukanga kwiimoto zemveli ze-radial flux.
Eyona nto ikuphela kwayo enokugugaimoto ye-axial fluxyiibheringi. Ubude be-axial magnetic flux bufutshane kakhulu, kwaye indawo yeebheringi isondelelene, idla ngokuba yi-"over dimension" kancinci. Ngethamsanqa, i-axial flux motor inobunzima be-rotor obuncinci kwaye inokumelana nemithwalo ye-rotor dynamic shaft ephantsi. Ke ngoko, amandla okwenyani asetyenziswa kwiibheringi mancinci kakhulu kunalawo e-radial flux motor.
I-axle ye-elektroniki yenye yeendlela zokuqala zokusetyenziswa kwee-axial motors. Ububanzi obuncinci bunokufaka i-motor kunye ne-gearbox kwi-axle. Kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ii-hybrid, ubude obufutshane be-axial ye-motor bufinyeza ubude benkqubo yokudlulisa.
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukufaka i-axial motor kwivili. Ngale ndlela, amandla anokudluliselwa ngqo ukusuka kwimoto ukuya kumavili, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemoto. Ngenxa yokususwa kweetransmissions, ii-differentials, kunye nee-driveshafts, ubunzima benkqubo buncitshisiwe.
Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi uhlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo alukabonakali. Umenzi ngamnye wezixhobo zokuqala uphanda uhlengahlengiso oluthile, njengoko ubukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo zeemoto ze-axial zinokutshintsha uyilo lwezithuthi zombane. Xa kuthelekiswa neemoto ze-radial, iimoto ze-axial zinamandla aphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba iimoto ze-axial ezincinci zingasetyenziswa. Oku kubonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zoyilo lweeplatifomu zezithuthi, njengokubekwa kweepakethe zebhetri.
4.1 I-armature ehlukaniswe ngokwezigaba
I-moto topology ye-YASA (Yokeless and Segmented Armature) ngumzekelo we-dual rotor single stator topology, enciphisa ubunzima bokuvelisa kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi ezenzekelayo. Ezi moto zinamandla obuninzi afikelela kwi-10 kW/kg ngesantya se-2000 ukuya kwi-9000 rpm.
Isebenzisa isilawuli esizinikeleyo, inokubonelela ngombane we-200 kVA kwimoto. Isilawuli sinomthamo omalunga neelitha ezi-5 kwaye sinobunzima obuziikhilogram ezi-5.8, kubandakanya ulawulo lobushushu kunye nokupholisa ioyile ye-dielectric, efanelekileyo kwiimoto ze-axial flux kunye neemoto ze-induction kunye ne-radial flux.
Oku kuvumela abavelisi bezixhobo zokuqala zesithuthi sombane kunye nabaphuhlisi benqanaba lokuqala ukuba bakhethe injini efanelekileyo ngokukhululekileyo ngokusekelwe kwisicelo kunye nendawo ekhoyo. Ubukhulu obuncinci kunye nobunzima benza imoto ibe lula kwaye ibe neebhetri ezingaphezulu, ngaloo ndlela yonyusa ukunyusa uluhlu.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kweebhayisekile zombane
Kwiimoto zombane kunye nee-ATV, ezinye iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa iimoto ze-AC axial flux. Uyilo olusetyenziswa kakhulu kolu hlobo lwesithuthi luyilo lwe-DC brush olusekelwe kwi-axial flux, ngelixa imveliso entsha iyi-AC, uyilo olungenamabhulashi oluvaliweyo ngokupheleleyo.
Iikhoyili zeemoto zeDC kunye nezeAC zihlala zimi, kodwa iirotor ezimbini zisebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina endaweni yee-armature ezijikelezayo. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba ayifuni ukutshintshwa ngoomatshini.
Uyilo lwe-AC axial lungasebenzisa nezilawuli zeemoto ze-AC ezisemgangathweni zesigaba sesithathu kwiimoto ze-radial. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko, njengoko umlawuli elawula umbane we-torque, kungekhona isantya. Umlawuli ufuna umjikelo we-12 kHz okanye ngaphezulu, olu phindaphindo oluqhelekileyo lwezixhobo ezinjalo.
I-frequency ephezulu ivela kwi-inductance ephantsi ye-20 µ H. I-frequency inokulawula i-current ukunciphisa i-current ripple kwaye iqinisekise ukuba isignali ye-sinusoidal ithambile kangangoko. Ukusuka kwimbono eguquguqukayo, le yindlela entle yokufumana ulawulo oluthambileyo lwe-motor ngokuvumela utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwe-torque.
Olu yilo lusebenzisa ukujija okuphindwe kabini okwasasazwayo, ngoko ke i-magnetic flux iphuma kwi-rotor iye kwenye i-rotor nge-stator, ngendlela emfutshane kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu.
Eyona nto iphambili kolu yilo kukuba inokusebenza kwi-voltage ephezulu ye-60 V kwaye ayifanelekanga kwiinkqubo ze-voltage ephezulu. Ke ngoko, ingasetyenziselwa iimoto zombane kunye nezithuthi ezineevili ezine ze-L7e ezifana neRenault Twizy.
I-voltage ephezulu ye-60 V ivumela imoto ukuba idityaniswe kwiinkqubo zombane ze-48 V eziqhelekileyo kwaye yenza kube lula umsebenzi wokulungisa.
Iinkcukacha zebhayisekile ezine-L7e kwi-European Framework Regulation 2002/24/EC zithi ubunzima bezithuthi ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimpahla abudluli kwiikhilogram ezingama-600, ngaphandle kobunzima beebhetri. Ezi zithuthi zivumelekile ukuba zingathwali ngaphezulu kweekhilogram ezingama-200 zabakhweli, zingadluli kwiikhilogram ezili-1000 zemithwalo, kwaye zingadluli kwiikhilogram ezili-15 zamandla enjini. Indlela yokujika esasazekileyo inokubonelela nge-torque ye-75-100 Nm, ngamandla aphezulu okukhupha angama-20-25 kW kunye namandla aqhubekayo angama-15 kW.
Umngeni we-axial flux ulele kwindlela ii-copper windings ezisusa ngayo ubushushu, nto leyo enzima kuba ubushushu kufuneka budlule kwi-rotor. I-distributed winding yeyona nto iphambili ekusombululeni le ngxaki, njengoko inenani elikhulu lee-pole slots. Ngale ndlela, kukho indawo enkulu yomphezulu phakathi kwe-copper kunye ne-shell, kwaye ubushushu bungadluliselwa ngaphandle bukhutshwe yinkqubo yokupholisa ulwelo eqhelekileyo.
Iipali ezininzi zemagnethi zibalulekile ekusebenziseni iifom ze-sinusoidal wave, ezinceda ekunciphiseni iiharmonics. Ezi harmonics zibonakala njengokufudumeza iimagnethi kunye ne-core, ngelixa izinto zobhedu zingenakuthwala ubushushu. Xa ubushushu buqokelelana kwiimagnethi kunye nee-iron cores, ukusebenza kakuhle kuyancipha, yiyo loo nto ukwenza ngcono i-waveform kunye nendlela yobushushu kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto.
Uyilo lwemoto luye lwaphuculwa ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko kwaye kufezekiswe ukuveliswa kobunzima obuzenzekelayo. Isangqa sendlu esikhutshwe ngaphandle asifuni ukucutshungulwa koomatshini okuntsonkothileyo kwaye sinokunciphisa iindleko zezinto. Ikhoyili inokutyunyuzwa ngqo kwaye inkqubo yokubopha isetyenzisiwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokujija ukugcina imo efanelekileyo yokuhlanganisa.
Ingongoma ephambili kukuba ikhoyili yenziwe ngocingo oluqhelekileyo olufumaneka kurhwebo, ngelixa umbindi wentsimbi ugqunywe ngentsimbi ye-transformer ebekwe kwishelufu, efuna nje ukunqunyulwa ibe yimo. Ezinye iindlela zoyilo lweemoto zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithambileyo zemagnethi kwi-core lamination, ezinokuba zibiza kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-windings ezisasazwe kuthetha ukuba intsimbi yemagnethi ayidingi ukwahlulwahlulwa; Zingaba ziimo ezilula kwaye kube lula ukuzenza. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bentsimbi yemagnethi nokuqinisekisa ukuba kulula ukuyenza kunempembelelo enkulu ekunciphiseni iindleko.
Uyilo lwale moto ye-axial flux lunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zabathengi. Abathengi baneenguqulelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezijikeleze uyilo olusisiseko. Emva koko zenziwe kumgca wemveliso yovavanyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imveliso kwangethuba, onokuphindaphindwa kwezinye iifektri.
Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ikakhulu kungenxa yokuba ukusebenza kwesithuthi akuxhomekanga kuphela kuyilo lwemoto ye-axial magnetic flux, kodwa nakumgangatho wesakhiwo sesithuthi, ibhetri, kunye ne-BMS.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-28-2023
